Battery Weight of Electric Vehicles ?

Battery Weight

The electric vehicle’s battery weight and size depends on the type and model of an electric vehicle. The large EV has a large battery which weighs more. If the EV is small, the battery will be small, and the weight will be less. The battery weight depends on the metal present in the battery.

Battery Weight of the EV will be roughly around 1000 pounds. The battery is the main reason for the vehicle’s weight. The battery is one of the heaviest components of the EV and will generally increase the EV weight. The battery is heavy due to the cells, module, pack, and cells present in the battery.

Components

Main components of EV batteries are cells; the cell format used in EV batteries are cylindrical cells, Prismatic cells, and pouch cells. Standard cell chemistry used in EVs is lithium-ion (Li-ion), Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC), Nickel Metal Hydride (NI-MH), Lithium Sulphur (LI-S), and Lead-acid. 

Weight of metals in the lithium-ion battery of electric vehicles is 28.9 Kg of nickel roughly, 7.7 Kg of Cobalt, and 5.9 Kg of lithium. The vehicle manufacturers trying to reduce the battery weight in the future; It is estimated that the battery will contain less metal by 2030. The battery metals can go to waste if not recycled properly. If the recycling is not appropriately done, these battery metals can squander.

How much do Tesla battery Weight ?

Tesla is a globally recognized electric vehicle company selling more than one million units globally in the last decade. Tesla leads the overall EV market by their innovative designs and good batteries, making them stand out in the row.

Usually, the Tesla EV battery weighs more than 1000 pounds. Typically, Tesla batteries weigh more than other EV batteries. Every Tesla model has a different batteries weight and size than other electric vehicles. The importance of the Tesla vehicles is determined by the size of the battery used in that model. The weight of different models of Tesla batteries are

Tesla Model 3 Battery Weight

Model 3 of Tesla comes with a combination of two batteries. One is an essential battery of 50-KWh, and the other is a long-range battery of 75-KWh, usually with a range of 310 miles. Tesla Model 3 battery is heavier than a standard range battery of 1050 lbs due to cell numbers.

Usually, cell number 2976 is within 96 blocks of 46 cells long-range battery. The battery weight is 1168 lbs. The designers spaced the battery very intelligently to have two larger packs inside while two more miniature packs outside.

Battery Weight of model S

Model S is the reason behind Tesla’s fame and overall elevated sales. The Tesla Model S used different batteries of different sizes. Model S has 5 other models, and each model has 1,584 lithium-ion cells. 60, 70, 75, and 85 KWh batteries were used before. 

Model S have 7,104 lithium-ion batteries weighing 1,200 kgs. The new 100-kWh battery is the most powerful and heaviest battery till now.

Tesla Model X Battery Weight

Tesla has been introducing model X variants since 2015; every model comes with different battery size and weight. Tesla Model X now comes with 4 lithium-ion battery packs. A 100kw Tesla battery weighs a density of 160 Wh/kg and comes with a range of 315 miles (507km).

The weight of the ECO-Worthy 12V lithium-ion battery is about 7.2 lbs lighter than the lead-acid counterpart. The total weight of the Model X battery is 1200 pounds. Here is a list of Tesla models and their battery life:

Why are Electric Vehicle batteries so heavy?

Batteries are the heaviest component in electric vehicles; the weight of the EV is usually heavy due to the larger batteries used in them. Heavy the lithium-ion battery heavier the vehicle would be. For instance, the average EV battery is 1000 pounds, which is 450 kg.

If the only battery can weigh this much, how much would the vehicle weigh. But the query is, what makes these batteries heavy? Here are the reasons why electric vehicle batteries are heavyweight.

Reasons

The capacity of the EV battery plays a vital role in battery size and weight. If the battery has a higher capacity, it will be heavy as well as it will be significant in size. The battery needs a storage charge, and its range should be increased by one charge for storage of charge. The capacity of the battery should be high that makes the batteries weigh more.

For more power storage, heavy batteries are recommended. The following graph shows the weight of the battery with different capacities.

Other Reasons

Other reasons that are associated with the weight of batteries are

  • EV batteries are made up of lithium-ion, which is heavy in weight; usually, one cubic foot of lithium weighs 33.3 ponds making 15.12 kgs. Lithium has good efficiency; it is basically used in laptops and phone batteries, but due to its high energy density and long-life cycle, it got the attention of EV manufacturers. Presently lithium-ion batteries are used in EV mainly. 
  • Metal armors around the battery for ultimate safety; these metal armors are made up of heavy-duty metals, which increase the weight of the battery. These heavy-duty metal-composed armors are used for the outer layer of the battery, which provide protection in case of battery punctures that can lead to an explosion. 
  • The EV battery should be heavy to make them able to achieve a high mileage range. The high mileage. The battery is the powerhouse of the vehicle that must be large enough to store the energy needed to achieve higher mileage; that’s why it must be heavier.

Types of EV Batteries and their Weight

The main component of EVs is the battery; besides lithium-ion batteries, other battery types are used in EVs. 

Lead-acid Battery

Lead-acid is the cheapest and least efficient battery type. It has a 6.0 kWh/100 kg weight, which means that it is heavy and bulky compared to other types of EV batteries. Lead-acid EV batteries also have a low energy density, meaning they are less powerful and take longer to charge than different battery types.

  • lead acid battery weight is 6.0 kWh/100 kg
  • nickel–metal hydride weight is 1.5 kWh/100 kg
  • lithium-ion batteries weight is 2.8 kWh/100 kg

Nickel Cadmium

Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries are the heaviest of all EV batteries

They have a weight of 1.9 kWh/100 kg and have been used in the first generation of EVs. The energy density is high at 105 Wh/kg, which means it can store a large amount of energy for its weight. The power density is also high at 2 kW/kg compared to other EV batteries, meaning that it has good performance for its weight.

However, these characteristics make NiCd batteries less desirable than different types because they cannot be recharged as many times without deteriorating their performance; it has a low cycle life. Additionally, some toxic material present in Nickel-Cadmium batteries makes them undesirable from an environmental perspective.

Nickel-Metal Hydride

It is a high-energy-density battery. Its weight is 2.7 kWh/100 kg, which means that Nickel-Metal Hydride has the highest energy density among all types of EV batteries. It is used in some electric vehicles but not those used for long distances because they require large amounts of power, and their batteries have poor performance at low temperatures.

The weight of a battery depends on its composition and construction. The main component is lithium, which occupies about 40% of the mass; other metals and chemicals are required for different functions within the battery.

For example, manganese dioxide is used as a cathode material (negative electrode) because it has a high oxygen capacity when oxidized during discharge; cobalt oxide serves as an active material for both electrodes but primarily contributes to increasing energy density at high discharge rates without sacrificing cycle life.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are the lightest and most commonly used in EVs. Lithium-ion batteries are of different types, which is

Lithium Cobalt Oxide

Lithium-ion batteries, also known as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), are the most common lithium-ion battery used in electric vehicles. They have a nominal voltage of 3.6 V and can store up to 0.74 kWh/100 kg or 74 kWh/100 kg (based on 100 Wh/kg). Lithium-ion batteries generally take less time to charge than other EV batteries because they use a lower voltage value during discharge than different EV battery types.

Lithium Manganese Oxide

The weight of a Lithium Manganese Oxide battery is 0.75 kWh/100 kg, making it one of the lightest options available in the market today. It also has a high energy density and can withstand high temperatures without degrading. These benefits make lithium iron phosphate batteries ideal for electric vehicles that need to travel long distances between charges or operate in extreme weather conditions.

Lithium Phosphate

Lithium phosphate weight is 0.43 kWh/100 kg. An important measurement of battery weight is the specific energy density, or how many watt-hours per kilogram (kWh/kg). This figure can be used to compare different batteries, but it’s important to note that this value can vary significantly depending on the size of the battery.

For example, lithium-ion batteries have a specific energy density ranging from 100–250 Wh/l (watt-hours per liter). In comparison, lead-acid batteries have a particular energy density of only 30–50 Wh/l.

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